Ethos And Pathos In Sherman Alexies Superman And Me

As Mary Bethune once said, â€Å"The whole world opened up to me when I learned to read.† Through the personal essay of â€Å"Superman and Me†, a widespread audience learns the importance of reading and the concept that one does not need to be wealthy to learn. In this personal essay by Sherman Alexie, he uses appeals such as ethos, logos, and pathos and styles such as diction and syntax to achieve the purpose and reach the audience. Ethos, or argument by character is prevalent in this essay because of Sherman Alexie’s extreme credibility. Considering this essay is pieced together by different anecdotes, the author becomes more and more trustworthy as the story progresses. Sherman speaks of growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation in eastern†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"...a paragraph was a fence that held words. The words inside a paragraph worked together for a common purpose†(Sherman 1). Although at the time Sherman did not have the vocabulary to say â€Å"paragraph†, he explains how he used a creative version of intelligence in order to understand their concept of organization. Likewise, another appeal used by Sherman is pathos. Pathos, or argument by emotion is most prevailing in the text due to the frequent theme of obstacles presented to the author, and how those struggles evict emotion from the audience. First, Sherman describes his father in a way that excites strong emoti on, and possible empathy. â€Å"My father loved books, and since I loved my father with an aching devotion, I decided to love books as well† (Sherman 1). In general love is a strong word, adding to sentiment, Sherman then uses the phrase â€Å"aching devotion†. When phrased together not only do these words bear positive feelings and connotations, but also gives the reader something to empathize with. Considering Sherman decided to love books because his father did too, it is made clear that he looks up to his elder. Idolizing parents, a common opinion, gives the audience another point to relate to. Furthermore, Sherman switches up his point of view in compliance of a pathos strategy. Throughout the entire text, the author remainsShow MoreRelatedWriting and Research Paper2935 Words   |  12 Pagesmemoir. What are your strengths and weaknesses as a writer? What are your goals and expectations for this course? Essay # 1: Personal Narrative (about you). Final draft due Thursday, January 24. Sherman Alexie’s â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me.† p. 27. HE: Argumentation p. 221. Ethos, Pathos, Logos, p. 226. â€Å"Writing About Literature† p. 270. Planning and drafting essays, p. 204, thesis statement, p. 206, revising, p.209, 211 Homework: Read two of the following from WP (some may be

Who Freed the Slaves - 871 Words

Who Freed the Slaves The long standing question of â€Å"who freed the slaves† has been under debate since the conclusion of the Civil War. One side of the argument takes the more obvious claim that emancipation came at the hand of the great Abraham Lincoln. The other side of the argument claims that the Slaves themselves attained their freedom. Both sides have been heavily researched and strongly supported with many facts. Do we give credit to one person for generating the political backing and eventually passing the legislation to emancipate the slaves? Do we give credit to those with so much drive to survive that they manage to escape their lives of oppression? Additionally, the Union Military enabled the Slaves to seek refuge. It would†¦show more content†¦But if he had never lived, it seems safe to say that there would not have been a Thirteenth Amendment in 1865.† (McPherson, Pg.9) Lincoln became the face of abolition and freedom for Slaves and abolitionists. McPherson gave full credit to Lincoln. To give anyone else credit for freeing the Slaves would take an awfully substantial argument, although, McPherson also brings up the argument of the slaves freeing themselves. Many slaves took it upon themselves to escape the confines of their owners and head to the northern states. Knowing the outcome of the Civil War would result in their freedom, many slaves enlisted to fight for the Union Army. In the beginning, many refugee slaves found by Union Military were returned to their lives in the south, but through policy changes and leadership decisions they were put to work in many ways including serving in the Union Army. Lincoln quickly recognized the power the newly recruited slaves provided to the Army. At the same time, this also pressured the President to hold true to his promise of emancipation. â€Å"If they stake their lives for us they must be prompted by the strongest motive†¦the promise of freedom. And the promise being made must be kept† (McPherson pg.8) Credit for freeing the slaves needs to be considered for the Union Army leadership. Often time’s military leadership had little to no guidance from government leadersShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War And The American War Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pageswere made to establish the freedom of the slaves, such as the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution, and the status of freedman. However, with the discontent that was harbored in the former Confederates, â€Å"white southerners [tried to] reestablished civil authority in the former Confederate states in 1865 and 1866†; this thus led to the creation of the Black Codes (Black Codes. History.com). The white southerners tried to regain control over freed slaves, acquire cheap labor and establish whiteRead MoreSlavery During The Colonial Period Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesCheng Qian CIN: 303520717 History 202A Course Number: 17606 2/14/16 Freed Slaves During the colonial period, a lot of black slaves were brought into the land of America; the population of black slaves in the south plantation once reached the amount of 500,000 and they were oppressed by their masters, which are the white people with privilege. The black slaves did not have any freedoms, and even their lives belong to their masters, they could be tortured, killed, or transferred to other peopleRead More Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesdeclared that all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free (The Library of Congress, 2014). While Lincoln now harbors the fame for ending slavery, his proclamation initially only ended slavery in those states that attempted to separate from the union. The proclamation authorized the recruitment of former slaves into the Union Armies and promotedRead MoreDbq on Slavery793 Words   |  4 Pagesdeclining slavery was visible from the first declared emancipation of slaves by Lord Dunmore in November of 1775. By granting freedom to all slaves who would raise arms against the American rebels, Lord Dunmore hoped to bring more troops into his ranks in Virginia. This movement continued following the Revolutionary period and until the turn of the nineteenth century mostly because of democratic reasons and a less urgent need for slave labor. Direct products of the enlightenment, Revolutionaries oftenRead MoreMargaret Walker s Portrayal Of The White Characters1346 Words   |  6 Pagesthese white characters with humanizing factors and characteristics in order to represent them as something more than evil white slave owners. This novel was published in the 1960’s during the Civil Rights Movement. Critics during that time found the portrayal of the white characters insulting, because they were too well balanced in compa rison to the white citizens and slave owners in the 1800’s. I personally disagree with these critiques, and argue that the white characters Walker writes about beforeRead MoreFreedom Among The African Americans1292 Words   |  6 Pagesexample through the 13th amendment where a former slave could be called a free man yet his freedom was limited and strictly outlined by the government. Slavery, though said to be abolished after 1865, had taken numerous new forms in society to continue the oppression of the colored race. For example, the idea of separate but equal that was once seen as constitutional. There is indubitably irony a between the government acceptance of slaves as freed American individuals and the deprivation of basicRead MoreThe Mindset Of The Racist South879 Words   |  4 Pagesfor just freed slaves. With the laws put into place and the southern feeling that the north is not respecting them after they lost the war. The white south responce to the freed slaves and their rights was to form groups who would scare them and their white supporters. The groups that rose from the ashes of the destroyed south were know as terrorist groups. In response to the new laws the major white supremacist group that formed was the Ku Klux Klan, the KKK were the main group who cause theRead MoreThe Rebellion Of The Gabriel Rebellion1255 Words   |  6 Pagesblack slaves held within the state of Virginia. However, the revolt did not materialize because word spread around before the plan could be executed. Immediately after the governor got wind of the revolt, security was beefed up around Richmond where the uprising had been planned to start. Nonetheless, the rebellion had an impact on the treatment of slaves in Virginia. For instance, the unrestricted movement of slaves within the state was banned along with the practice of hiring out slaves. The governmentRead More The Caribbean’s Cultural History Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pagesvoyage of Columbus in 1492 fortuitously discovered a whole new world and set in motion a chain of events whose profound consequences gave new directions to the histories of Europe, Africa, the Am ericas, and Asia. It was the voyages of Columbus and those who followed him that brought the Americas into the consciousness of the Europeans(Knight 28). Many people question whether the discovery made by Columbus was beneficial or deteriorating for the indigenous people of the Caribbean. It was the explorationRead MoreBlack Men And The Civil War927 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans and slaves are treated badly and have absolutely no say in the government, they aren’t even considered a citizen, Even freed â€Å"Black men† have very little rights, another fine example why things in history makes no sense is that women were treated as second class citizen but then during Jefferson’s time women were one of the most important roles in the white house. Abraham freed slaves also makes no sense during the civil war period he said that slaves under his control were freed but the north

Into the Wild Analysis free essay sample

Into the Wild Publication Date: 1996 Author: Jon Krakauer Nationality: American Author’s Birth/Death Dates: April 12th 1954 Present Distinguishing Traits of Author: Jon Krakauer  is an  American  writer and  mountaineer. He has written many books about the  outdoors  and  mountain climbing. He is the author of best-selling non-fiction books Into the Wild,  Into Thin Air,  Under the Banner of Heaven, and  Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman. After graduating from college, he spent three weeks by himself in the wilderness of the  Stikine Icecap  region of  Alaska  and climbed the  Devils Thumb. These experiences mirror what Chris McCandless has done in his book Into the Wild. Furthermore, Krakauer climber Mount Everest in 1996 and was a part of the  1996 Mount Everest disaster which involved four of his teammates (including the up leader  Rob Hall) dying in a storm as they descended from the mountain. Plot Synopsis: Jim Gallien was driving through Alaska, when he sees a 24-year-old hitchhiker named Alex who came from South Dakota. We will write a custom essay sample on Into the Wild Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As Alex elaborates on his plan to explore the wilderness, Gallien tries changing his mind, as he is certain that Alex is unprepared for life in the Alaskan wilderness. Therefore, Gallien offers to buy Alex some gears to help improve his chances of surviving. Despite Gallien’s good intentions, Alex declines. As Alex departs for adventure, Gallien gives Alex his phone number, telling him to call if he makes it out alive. Almost 5 months later on September 6, 1992, Ken Thompson, Gordon Samel, and Ferdie Swanson arrive at a broken down bus. At the site of the abandoned bus, a decomposed corpse is found. This unfortunate even begins the investigation and story of a man named Chris McCandless, a young man who perished when he is twenty-four. McCandless grew p in a wealthy Virginia, and was a very gifted athlete as well as a smart individual. After graduating from high school, McCandless spent his summer by taking a road trip across the country. Upon his return, he changes his mood because he discovered that his father secretly had a second family during his childhood. McCandless soon returns home and starts school at Emory, but his bitterness over the fact that he was not told of such an important secret gradually grew worse and worse. As a senior, he drove away most of his friends and barely kept in touch with his parents. As soon as he has graduated, he donates his $25,000 savings anonymously to OXFAM, gets in his car, and drives away with the intention of disappearing from his parents’ radar. As a last symbol of his resolve to leave his past life behind, he abandons his real name and changes his name to Alexander Supertramp. As he travels further and further down the path of adventure he carved for himself, McCandless meets and drastically affects many people. Although developing close bonds with many, nobody could deter him from continuing his harrowing journey. As McCandless travels around and into the wild, he keeps a personal diary and takes pictures to document the places he has been. Isolated from society, McCandless survives in the wilderness with minimum food and equipment. As soon as he is finished with one adventure, he decides briefly returned society in order to make some income and purchase enough supplies for his next wild quest. Before he passed away, he had visited many areas such as Las Vegas and San Diego At the beginning of his adventure, Chris makes acquaintances with Wayne Westerberg, the owner of a grain elevator in Carthage, South Dakota. After initial departing, Chris comes back a few weeks later to work for Wayne in order to generate some income. After leaving Westerberg’s place, Chris heads south and eventually ends up in Arizona where he buys a canoe. He soon decides to row down the Colorado River to the Gulf of California and sneaks into Mexico. On January 11, 1991, he is nearly overpowered in a bad storm, and after managing to survive, he decides to return back north. As he is returning, he is caught by the immigration authorities, but he manages to convince them to let him go. He soon arrives in Bullhead City, Arizona in early October where he works at McDonalds. While he stays in Bullhead City, Chris camps outside of town a man named  Charlie, who he met in a restroom. When he finally leaves Bullhead City, he goes to visit Jan Burres and Bob at the Niland Slabs. Soon after leaving Jan, Chris sets up camp in the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. One day, while hiking back from a provisions trip he gets a ride from an eighty-year old man named  Ronald Franz who thinks that Chris seems like a good person. Over the next few weeks, they spend a lot of time together. They drive to Colorado together, and Franz finds is very sad once Chris leaves him. The last journey he ever took was one to the harsh areas of Alaska. As he progressed through the dangerous terrain, he was making good progress. But as he finds a deep and fast river as his obstacle, he is forced to return to a abandoned bus he had found. As the climate grew harsher, it became harder to hunt and find a sustainable source of nourishment. With the lack of food and nutrients, McCandless quickly lost weight and energy. In his last few days, McCandless is overcome by starvation and the cold. When he finally died alone and hungry, he had spent a little more than 100 days in the wild and realizes that the nature is, only a refuge for a short while, and true happiness can only be shared with others. 19 days after his initial death, moose hunters found his body partially decomposed in the bus. Upon further examination of the bus, the diaries and the supplies were still nearby. Initially, many thought he died from eating a poisonous type of pea that he mistook for potato seeds. After his tragic tale was published, many criticized him for being as foolish as to think he could survive on his wits alone. There were many who criticized him for not heading into the wild with proper equipment. As a result, many believe it was his own fault for his death as he was overconfident and misjudged the severity of the Alaskan wilderness. Character Description: Chris McCandless Soon after disappearing from his parents’ radar, he sheds his name and adopts the new name of â€Å"Alexander Supertramp†. Coming from a well off family, Chris had a normal life and many friends as well as excelling in athletics. The only issue that haunted him growing up was his relationship with his parents. Diligent and thorough, he was â€Å"the hardest worker [Westburg] has ever seen† (18). Mentally, he was extremely intelligent and strikes people â€Å"as much older than twenty four† (67). He is shown to be particularly willful as â€Å"he was the sort of person who insisted on living out his beliefs† (67). When he was climbing a mountain with his grandfather at the age of twelve, he was stopped from reaching the peak, yet â€Å"he wanted to go to the top†¦ [and] if he’d been fourteen or fifteen, he would have simply gone on without [his grandpa]† (109). Furthermore, he was incredibly skilled at numerous things, he was â€Å"a high achiever in almost everything that caught his fancy† (109). Due to his outstanding talents and skills, he was overconfident and â€Å"didn’t think odds applied to him† (109). Lastly, Chris was a very compassionate individual, often sacrificing his weekends to talk â€Å"with prostitutes and homeless people, buying them meals, earnestly suggesting ways they might improve their lives† (113). Ultimately, Chris was a complex individual who excelled in many things, yet it was his superior skills that led to his eventual demise. Symbols, Motifs, Archetypes, Allusions Symbol: Money Money was something Chris grew up treasuring. He was â€Å"always an entrepreneur† (115). However, as he began his journey, the value of money was greatly diminished. He did not care about material wealth as shown when he burned up what little money he had and donated his savings to a charity. In this story, money symbolizes the capitalistic and materialistic lifestyle people lead. It is a representation of the past when he was â€Å"an entrepreneur† (67). Chris shows he wants to forgo all of that and find a new start when he burns his money. The last name â€Å"Supertramp† Tramp could mean many different things. One of its possible meanings is a long and tiring journey on foot. Super is a word that often makes another word more significant. The symbolism being Chris McCandless’ choice to change his name into Alexander Supertramp could be to show that he will keep on walking a tiring journey but he will not stop. Despite the long and tedious journey, he will keep going in order to achieve his dreams. Motifs: Guns Wherever Alex traveled, he always had a form of weaponry with him. He had a . 22 caliber rifle with him as Gallien picked him up. He had a few Swiss army knives and belt knives from Burres. Knives are a reoccurring element in this story. It gives the wielder power and an advantage over nature. It makes killing prey and hunting far easier. Furthermore, knives help with skinning the animal and removing its inner organs. Weaponry has helped Chris survive in the wild despite it being a product of the society he longed to escape from. Allusions: There are allusions to many different literary works that have been published. The most prominent work of literature is Call of the Wild by Jack London. Other book include White Fang, War and Peace â€Å"To Build a Fire†, â€Å"An Odyssey of the North†, and â€Å"The Wit of Porportuk†. Most if not all of these novels tell of a harsh and difficult journey of which Chris McCandless is enthralled by and tries to mirror with his own life. Archetypes: The Wanderer One archetype in this story is that of a wanderer. The original wanderer was the Greek warrior Odysseus who traveled a difficult journey to go home. Like Odysseus, Chris McCandless receives help from others and faces many hardships during his travels. However, unlike Odysseus, Chris’ goal was to get as far away as possible from his family whereas Odysseus strives to return to his wife Penelope. The Siren The siren’s mysterious and compelling voice leads many lives to be lost. In this story, the siren is not a tangible thing, but rather the nature itself. While nature can seem so pristine and pure, it has caused many deaths whether it would be avalanches or floods. The beauty of nature compels many to try to explore the wilderness only to find the harsher realities and dying cruel deaths. Themes: The Search for Freedom Throughout the entire novel, the main goal of everybody who set out on an adventure was to find freedom. McCandless was tired of abiding the rules of his parents and frequently had disputes with his dad and decided to leave his past and pursue a future with more freedom. Rosellini, another character who lived in the wilderness, searched for a liberty from the inferior statuses he believes that humans have digressed to. In addition, Waterman, an accomplished adventurer, went on difficult and challenging journeys to find an escape from the hurt he had endured to his psyche. Even the author himself sought freedom in his life, resorting to exploring the wild after quitting a job that was tying him down. All in all, many characters were enamored by the idea of personal freedom. McCandless, who eventually perished for his dream, described his journey as one for the â€Å"ultimate freedom. † Unable to settle down and listening to the orders of others, â€Å"he [looked] for more adventure and freedom than today’s society gives people† (174). His freedom included transcending his own personal limitations and â€Å"he had a need to test himself in ways† (182). It was because his parents were â€Å"so irrational, so oppressive, disrespectful and insulting† (64) that he decided to leave them behind and live his life as free as possible. Because â€Å"he was the sort of person who insisted on living out his beliefs† (67), he was not able to tolerate the rules and regulations his parents had set upon him. In conclusion, Chris left on his trip in order to find himself a place where he would not be subjected to the limitation of others and thus, find true happiness. Another free-spirited character was John Waterman who died trying to free himself from the horrors he had witnessed in his past. As a child, John was scarred when his father â€Å"arrived in the state [but] never took the trouble to see [him]† (77). With his parents abandoning him in the early stages of life, John turned to climbing as a sort of escape from reality. However, climbing eventually â€Å"dealt a serious blow to Waterman’s young psyche† (77), as â€Å"eight of his intimates and climbing partners were killed in accidents or committed suicide† (77). The breaking point in his life was when a cabin â€Å"he was staying in caught fire and†¦ [incinerated] both his equipment and the voluminous accumulation of notes, poetry, and personal journals [which] he regarded as his life’s work† (79). With the final blow struck, he left for his final adventure with the message of â€Å"[you] won’t be seeing [me] again† (79). In the end, Waterman died trying to achieve mental freedom from the tragic experiences he has had in the past. Lastly, the author, Jon Krakauer himself is a pursuer of freedom. The freedom he pursues is one where is lives life to the fullest instead of wasting it. Like McCandless, the male figures in his life â€Å"aroused†¦a confusing medley of corked fury and hunger to please† (134). Unable to break free of his chains, Jon often â€Å"fantasized about†¦undertaking, ascents of remote mountains in Alaska and Canada† (134). When seeing a picture of untamed wilderness representing freedom, â€Å"the picture held an almost pornographic fascination for [him]† (135). When he finally decided to quit his job, he was â€Å"surprised†¦by how easy the act of leaving was, and how good it felt† (136). As he took in the sensation of newfound freedom, he realizes that â€Å"the world was suddenly rich with possibility† (136). Overall, Jon Krakauer was one of the many who sought a peace of mind and freedom from the others who were controlling his life. The concept of freedom is one that is vital to the life of certain individuals. Many are willing to give up their lives to have a taste of freedom. Chris McCandless is one such individual, risking his life to leave behind the autocratic rule of his parents. John Waterman is haunted by the tragedy of those around him and seeks a refuge from all the hurt and pain he has been through. Lastly, Jon Krakauer seeks a freedom that he could not achieve if he stayed where he was and working at the job he once had. Ultimately, freedom is the object that many pay for with their lives. The Importance of Help and Advice from Strangers Repeatedly, Chris McCandless has been able to continue his journey for freedom due to the kindness of strangers he has met and befriended. Without Gaylord Stuckey, and Jim Gallien, Chris may have never been able to get where he needed to be for the next series of events to happen. Furthermore, he also relied on the assistance and generosity of Wayne Westerberg who gave him a job and money multiple times. Lastly, he had help from the rubber tramps Jan Burres and her husband, who gave him food and shelter. All in all, the kindness of strangers has been beneficial to Chris along his adventure. Jim Gallien is the last person to see Chris alive, and thus, is perhaps the most important character behind him. He is shown to be very generous when him socks, boots, food, and his phone number before Chris disappeared into the wilderness. Trying to dissuade Chris, Gallien warned him â€Å"the hunting wasn’t easy [and] he could go for days without killing any game† (5-6)†. If Chris had taken Jim’s advice, it would have saved him from dying a lonely and isolated death. A minor character who had a big part in McCandless’ life was Wayne Westerberg. Wayne’s kindness was apparent when â€Å"he gave McCandless employment at the grain elevator and rented him a cheap room† (17). Similarly to Jim Gallien, Wayne tried to deter McCandless from taking such a danger trip and that â€Å"it was a mistake to get into that kind of stuff† (18). Westerberg’s role is also critical; he had provided him with money prior to his parting. Westerberg’s eventual arrest caused McCandless to leave â€Å"sooner than he might have under different circumstances† (19). By meeting Wayne Westerberg, Chris McCandless’ life changed its course. Finally, Jan Burres and her husband Bob helped Chris. The moment Jan saw Chris, she thought they â€Å"could give him a meal† (30). In a last attempt to help McCandless survive in the wilderness, Burres gave him â€Å"some Swiss Army knives and a few belt knives† (46). Not only that, but she tried to give him â€Å"some long underwear and other warm clothing†¦ [only to find] he’d pulled it out of his pack when [she] wasn’t looking† (46). With the assistance of Jan Burres, Chris was able to fend off starvation for a brief period of time and make acquaintances with many others. In the end, Chris McCandless’ success in his journey was only attained through the help of strangers he had met.